The Image of Armenia in European Travel Accounts of the Seventeenth Century by Jack Lewis Vartoogian.

Early European Travelers and Their Contributions to the Study of Armenian Architecture, by Christina Maranci.

Download The Safavids under Western eyes: Seventeenth-Century European Travelers to Iran by Rudi Matthee. 37 pdf pages. Download here: The Safavids under Western eyes: Seventeenth-Century European Travelers to Iran.

At Encyclopaedia Iranica

Travel Accounts: Italian Travellers to Iran, Middle Ages through the early 20th century, by Michele Bernardini and Anna Vanzan.

Capuchins in Persia, by Francis Richard.

Carmelites in Persia, by Francis Richard.

Sir John Chardin by John Emerson. Chardin (1643-1713), traveller to Persia and Asia, wrote the most detailed foreign account of Persia in his day.

Jesuits in Safavid Persia, by Rudi Matthee. Jesuit activity began in Persia in the 16th century.

Ludvig Fabritius, by Rudi Matthee. Fabritius (1648-1729) was Sweden's envoy to the Safavid court.

Bogdan Gurdziecki, by Rudi Matthee. Bohtam Beg, as he was known in Persia, was a Polish envoy of Georgian-Armenian origin and the first permanent Polish representative in Safavid Persia (d. Moscow, 1700).

Portugal's Relations with Persia in the Early Modern Age (1500-1750), by Joao Teles e Cunha.

France: Travelogues of the 18th-20th Centuries, by Nader Nasiri-Moghaddam.

Great Britain: British Travelers to Persia, (16th-early 20th centuries) by Denis Wright.

German Travelers to Persia (15th-20th centuries), by Dietrich Huff. The article, which is entitled Archaeological Excavations and Studies, devotes the first section to early German travellers.

Russia: Travelers to Persia, (15th-early 20th centuries) by Elena Andreeva.

The Persian Image of Europe, by Rudi Matthee.

Thanks to Google Books, many books and articles written by travellers to the area of our interest are available as free pdf files. Clicking the links below will download the material in pdf format. This is a partial list only.

16th-17th Centuries

* Denotes Actual Travel in Armenia

*John Newbery (fl. 1580's)

Two Voyages of Master John Newberie, One, into the Holy Land; The other to Balswara, Ormus, Persia, and backe thorow Turkie, in volume 8 of Purchas His Pilgrimes Newberry's Voyages (Glasgow, 1905). In Armenia in 1581.

*John Cartwright

The Preacher's Travels in A Collection of Voyages and Travels, compiled by the Earl of Oxford, volume 1 (London, 1745). 787 pdf pages. File size: 143 MB. In Armenia in 1600.

*Georg Tectander von der Jabel (d. 1614)

Iter Persicum, Kurtze doch aussführliche und warhafftige Beschreibung der persianischen Reiss... (Meissen, 1610). 221 pdf pages. File size: 8.4 MB. In Armenia in 1603.

Les six voyages de monsieur Jean Baptiste Tavernier, ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes. Six volumes: tome 1; tome 2; tome 3; tome 4; tome 5; tome 6. In Armenia in 1630.

Ottoman Turkish officer and diplomat.

Narrative of Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa, in the Seventeenth Century, by Evliya Efendi, (London, 1834) in two volumes: volume 1, 219 pdf pages. File size: 7.9 MB; volume 2, 257 pdf pages. File size: 6.5 MB. Evliya was in Asia Minor, Armenia, and the Caucasus ca. 1635-1670.

Les Voyages de Jean Struys, en Moscovie, en Tartarie, en Perse, aux Indes. Three volumes: tome 1; tome 2; tome 3. In Armenia in 1670.

In Armenia in 1673.

Voyages du Chevalier Chardin, en Perse, et autres lieux de l'Orient. Four volumes: tome 1; tome 2; tome 3; tome 4.

The Travels of Sir John Chardin, by the Way of the Black Sea, through the Countries of Circassia, Mingrelia, the Country of the Abcas, Georgia, Armenia, and Media, into Persia Proper is available on pp. 138-230 of volume 9 in the series The Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in All Parts of the World (London, 1811). John Pinkerton, editor, 869 pdf pages. The same large volume contains English accounts of other travellers to Persia. The Travels of Sir John Chardin. File size: 74.6 MB

Travels into Divers Parts of Europe and Asia undertaken by the French King's order to discover a new way by Land into China (London, 1693). 395 pdf pages. File size: 18.3 MB. In Armenia in 1685.

Recueil de voyages au nord, tome sixieme (Amsterdam, 1729), contains "Relation de l'Arménie" on pp. 1-116. File size: 16.6 MB. In Armenia in the 1690s.

Epitome Commentariorum Moysis Armeni, de Origine & Regibus Armenorum et Parthorum... (in Latin). In Persia in 1697.

The Travels of Pedro Teixeira; with his "Kings of Harmuz," and extracts from his "Kings of Persia" (London, 1902), William F. Sinclair, trans. 425 pdf pages. File size: 9.5 MB.

18th Century

*Paul Lucas (1700)

Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant (Paris, 1704), in two volumes: tome 1, 422 pdf pages. File size: 12.3 MB; tome 2, 440 pdf pages. File size: 13.8 MB.

A Voyage into the Levant, volume 3 (London, 1741). Includes "Constantinople, the Coasts of the Black Sea, Armenia, Georgia, the Frontiers of Persia, and Asia Minor." File size: 26.0 MB. In Armenia in 1701.

Travels from St. Petersburg in Russia to Diverse Parts of Asia (Glasgow, 1763); volume 1, 473 pdf pages. File size: 11.1 MB; volume 2, 575 pdf pages. File size: 15 MB. In Persia, Caucasus, Asia Minor 1715-1746.

Voyage en Turquie et en Perse (Paris, 1748). Two volumes: volume 1, 438 pdf pages. File size: 12.9 MB; volume 2, 401 pdf pages. File size: 11.1 MB. Otter travelled from Turkey via Diyarbakir to Sivas to Isfahan in 1738. He remained in Isfahan for two years as an official French envoy to the Persian court.

An Historical Account of the British Trade over the Caspian Sea, 4 volumes in 3 (London, 1753). volume 1. File size: 31.1 MB; volume 2. File size: 38.0 MB; volume 3 File size: 67.2 MB. In Persia in 1743-1745.

*Thomas Howel (1780s)

A Journal of the Passage from India by a Route Partly Unfrequented through Armenia and Natolia or Asia Minor (London, 1791). File size: 6.1 MB. In Armenia in 1787.

19th Century

William Martin Leake (1800)

Journal of a Tour in Asia Minor (London, 1824), 405 pdf pages. File size: 11.4 MB.

Travels in Turkey, Asia Minor, Syria, and across the Desert into Egypt during the years 1799, 1800, and 1801, in company with the Turkish army and the British Military Mission, to which is appended observations on the plague and on the diseases prevalent in Turkey (Philadelphia, 1804). 434 pdf pages. File size: 22.5 MB.

Voyage en Arménie et en Perse (Paris, 1821), 576 pdf pages. In Armenia and Persia, 1805-1806. File size: 14.5 MB.

A Narrative of a Journey into Persia and Residence at Teheran, Containing a Descriptive Itinerary from Constantinople to the Persian Capital (London, 1829), 421 pdf pages. File size: 13.1 MB.

A Journey through Iran, Armenia and Asia Minor to Constantinople in the years 1808 and 1809 (London, 1812). 535 pdf pages. File size: 37 MB.

A Second Journey through Iran to Constantinople between the years 1810 and 1816 (London, 1818). 515 pdf pages. File size: 29.5 MB.

Morier, in addition to working as a diplomat, was author of several novels set in Persia and Armenia, including the famous Hajji Baba books and a little-known work, Ayesha, Maid of Kars (Paris, 1834). 447 pdf pages. File size: 17.5 MB.

Karamania, or a Brief Description of the South Coast of Asia Minor...collected during a survey of that coast...in the years 1811 and 1812 (London, 1818), 348 pdf pages. File size: 10.2 MB.

*James/John Macdonald Kinneir (ca. 1811-1814)

A Journey through Asia Minor, Armenia, and Koordistan in the years 1813-1814, (London, 1818). 621 pdf pages. File size: 26.3 MB.

A Geographical Memoir of the Persian Empire (London, 1813). 508 pdf pages. File size: 20.5 MB.

William Ouseley (1810-1815)

Travels in Various Countries of the East: More Particularly Persia (London, 1819-1823), in three volumes: volume 1, 561 pdf pages. File size: 26.4 MB; volume 2, 637 pdf pages. File size: 35 MB; volume 3, 671 pdf pages. File size: 36.2 MB.

James Silk Buckingham (1786-1855)

Travels in Mesopotamia, including Edessa (Urha/Urfa), Diarbekir, and Mardin (London, 1827). The trip was taken in 1816. 611 pdf pages. File size: 26 MB.

Narrative of a Residence in Koordistan, and the Site of Ancient Nineveh, with a Voyage Down the Tigris to Baghdad, and an Account of a Visit to Shirauz and Persepolis (London, 1836), in two volumes: volume 1, 453 pdf pages. File size: 13.4 MB; volume 2, 453 pdf pages. File size: 13.5 MB.

Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, &c. &c. during the years 1817, 1818, 1819, and 1820 (London, 1821-1822), in two volumes: volume 1, 882 pdf pages. File size: 33.3 MB; volume 2, 942 pdf pages. File size: 32.5 MB.

Journey from Merut in India to London, through Arabia, Persia, Armenia, Georgia, Russia, Austria, Switzerland, and France during the years 1819 and 1820 (London, 1822). 309 pdf pages. File size: 9.6 MB.

Travels in Russia, the Krimea, the Caucasus, and Georgia, in two volumes: volume 1, 567 pdf pages. File size: 14 MB; volume 2, 571 pdf pages. File size: 13.6 MB.

Travels from India to England...and a Journey through Persia, Asia Minor, European Turkey etc. in the years 1825-26 (London), 369 pdf pages. File size: 11.7 MB.

Constantinople in 1828, a Residence of Sixteen Months in the Turkish Capital and Provinces (London, 1829), in two volumes: volume 1, 559 pdf pages. File size: 9.6 MB; volume 2, 515 pdf pages. File size: 10.4 MB.

Kars and Erzeroum; with the campaigns of Prince Paskiewitch, in 1828 and 1829 (London, 1856). 361 pdf pages. File size: 7.5 MB.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 3 (1833), pp. 1-58 Journal of a Tour Through Azerdbijan and the Shores of the Caspian. 65 pdf pages. File size: 10.1 MB.

Journey to Ararat (New York, 1859), 412 pdf pages. Dr. Parrot and Khachatur Abovian made the first modern ascent of Mt. Ararat in 1829. Parrot travelled from Tiflis to Ararat and elsewhere in Armenia and described many aspects of Armenian and Caucasian life, in addition to the climb. File size: 16 MB.

Travels in Chaldaea, including a Journey from Bussorah to Baghdad, Hillah, and Babylon, performed on foot in 1827 (London, 1829), 377 pdf pages. File size: 8.4 MB.

A Winter Journey through Russia, the Caucasian Alps, and Georgia; thence across Mount Zagros, by the Pass of Xenophon and the Ten Thousand Greeks, into Koordistaun (London, 1839), in two volumes: volume 1, 341 pdf pages. File size: 4.4 MB; volume 2, 315 pdf pages. File size: 5.3 MB.

*Eli Smith (1801-1857)

Researches of the Rev. E. Smith and Rev. H. G. O. Dwight in Armenia, including a journey through Asia Minor, and into Georgia and Persia... (Boston, 1833), in two volumes. volume 1, 691 pdf pages. File size: 20.3 MB; volume 2, 366 pdf pages. File size: 10.3 MB. In Armenia 1830-1831.

*James Baillie Fraser (1783-1856)

Travels and Adventures in the Persian Provinces on the Southern Banks of the Caspian Sea, with an Appendix Containing Short Notices on the Geology and Commerce of Persia (London, 1826). 403 pdf pages. File size: 9.4 MB.

A Winter's Journey from Constantinople to Tehran, with Travels through Various Parts of Persia &c. (London, 1838). The trip was in 1833-1834. In two volumes: volume 1, 443 pdf pages. File size: 9.7 MB; volume 2, 531 pdf pages. File size: 11.3 MB.

Travels in Koordistan and Mesopotamia &c. including an Account of Parts of Those Countries Hitherto Unvisited by Europeans (London, 1840). The trip was in 1834-1835. In two volumes: volume 1, 404 pdf pages. File size: 15.3 MB; volume 2, 505 pdf pages. File size: 10.5 MB.

Mesopotamia and Assyria from the Earliest Ages to the Present Time, with Illustrations of their Natural History (Edinburgh, 1841), 389 pdf pages. File size: 11.6 MB.

*Frédèric Dubois de Montpéreux (1798-1849)

Voyage Autour du Caucase, chez les Tcherkesses et les Abkhases, en Colchide, en Géorgie, en Arménie, et en Crimée (Paris, 1839-1843), in six volumes: tome 1, 486 pdf pages. File size: 17.3 MB; tome 2, 466 pdf pages. File size: 17 MB; tome 3, 514 pdf pages. File size: 17.8 MB; tome 4, 563 pdf pages. File size: 18.1 MB; tome 5, 470 pdf pages; File size: 16.2 MB; tome 6, 470 pdf pages. File size: 17.7 MB. Dubois was in the Caucasus during 1833-1834.

*James Brant (1835)

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 6 (1836), pp. 187-223. Journey Through a Part of Armenia and Asia Minor, in the Year 1835. 40 pdf pages.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 7 (1837), pp. 34-61. Extracts from Notes Made on a Journey in Asia Minor in 1836. 30 pdf pages.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 8 (1838), pp. 54-101. Notes on a Journey from Tabríz, Through Kurdistan, via Van, Bitlis, Se'ert and Erbil, to Suleimaniyeh, in July and August, 1836. 51 pdf pages.

Southgate was in Turkey, Armenia, and Persia in 1836, and returned again in 1844-1849 as Episcopal bishop for the Ottoman Empire.

Narrative of a Tour through Armenia, Kurdistan, Persia, and Mesopotamia (New York, 1840), in two volumes: volume 1, 359 pdf pages. File size: 14.5 MB; volume 2, 356 pdf pages. File size: 8.8 MB.

Narrative of a Visit to the Syrian (Jacobite) Church of Mesopotamia (New York, 1844), 317 pdf pages. File size: 6.4 MB.

Travels in the Transcaucasian Provinces of Russia and along the Southern Shore of the Lakes of Van and Urumiah, in the Autumn and Winter of 1837 (London, 1839), 513 pdf pages. File size: 7.2 MB.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 7 (1837), pp. 411-439. A General Statement of the Labours and Proceedings of the Expedition to the Euphrates, under the Command of Colonel Chesney, Royal Artillery, F. R. S.. 30 pdf pages.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 8 (1838), pp. 137-157. Notes of a Journey in Asia Minor, in 1837. 24 pdf pages.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 9 (1839), pp. 409-430. A Visit to the Sinjar Hills in 1838, with Some Account of the Sect of Yezidis, and of Various Places in the Mesopotamian Desert, between the Rivers Tigris and Khabur. 23 pdf pages.

A Journal Written during an Excursion in Asia Minor (London, 1839), 412 pdf pages. File size: 6.6 MB.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 10 (1840), pp. 341-434. Notes of a Journey Through a Part of Kurdistan, in the Summer of 1838. 101 pdf pages.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 10 (1840), pp. 445-454. Notes on a Journey from Erz-Rum, by Mush, Diyar-Bekr, and Bireh-jik, to Aleppo, in June, 1838. 17 pdf pages.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 9 (1839), pp. 26-116. Notes on a March from Zohab, at the Foot of Zagros, along the Mountains to Khuzistan (Susiana), and from Thence Through the Province of Luristan to Kirmanshah, in the Year 1836. 94 pdf pages. File size: 12 MB.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 10 (1840), pp. 1-64. Notes on a Journey from Tabriz, Through Persian Kurdistan, to the Ruins of Takhti-Soleiman, and from Thence by Zenjan and Tarom, to Gilan, in October and November, 1838; With a Memoir on the Site of the Atropatenian Ecbatana. 67 pdf pages.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 10 (1840), pp. 65-158. Memoir on the Site of the Atropatenian Ecbatana. 97 pdf pages. File size: 12.3 MB.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 10 (1840), pp. 434-444. Journey from Erz-Rum to Trebizond, by Way of Shebb-Khaneh, Kara Hisar, Sivas, Tokat, and Samsun, in October, 1838. 18 pdf pages.

Researches in Asia Minor, Pontus, and Armenia with Some Account of Their Antiquities and Geology (London, 1840), in two volumes: volume 1, 600 pdf pages. File size: 18.5 MB; volume 2, 549 pdf pages. File size: 15.1 MB. The trip was in the late 1830s early 1840s.

Surgeon, geographer, and geologist, Ainsworth was in Mespotamia and Asia Minor from about 1836 to the early 1840s.

A Personal Narrative of the Euphrates Expedition (London, 1888), in two volumes: volume 1, 506 pdf pages. File size: 8.9 MB; volume 2, 513 pdf pages. File size: 11.4 MB.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 9 (1839), pp. 216-276. Notes on a Journey from Constantinople, by Heraclea, to Angora, in the Autumn of 1838. 64 pdf pages.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 10 (1840), pp. 275-310. Journey from Angora by Kaisariyah, Malatiyah, and Gergen Kal'eh-si, to Bir or Birehjik. 43 pdf pages.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 10 (1840), pp. 489-529. Notes Taken on a Journey from Constantinople to Mosul, in 1839-40. 42 pdf pages.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 11 (1841), pp. 1-20. Notes of an Excursion to Kal'ah Sherkat, the U'r of the Persians, and to the Ruins of Al Hadhr, the Hutra of the Chaldees, and Hatra of the Romans. 23 pdf pages.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 11 (1841), pp. 21-76. An Account of a Visit to the Chaldeans, Inhabiting Central Kurdistan; And of an Ascent of the Peak of Rowandiz (Tur Sheikhiwa) in Summer in 1840. 63 pdf pages.

Travels and Researches in Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Chaldea, and Armenia (London, 1842), in two volumes: volume 1, 396 pdf pages. File size: 9.1 MB; volume 2, 427 pdf pages. File size: 9.4 MB.

Travels in the Track of the Ten Thousand Greeks, ... as related by Xenophon, (London, 1844). 281 pdf pages. File size: 6.0 MB.

The Claims of the Christian Aborigines of the Turkish or Osmanlee Empire upon Civilised Nations (London, 1843). 63 pdf pages.

Eight Years in Persia among the Nestorian Christians (Andover, 1843), 603 pdf pages.

Armenia: A Year at Erzeroom, and on the Frontiers of Russia, Turkey, and Persia (London, 1854). Curzon spent 1842 in Erzerum as a British diplomat. 326 pdf pages. File size: 8.5 MB.

Travels in Persia, Georgia, and Koordistan, with Sketches of the Cossacks and the Caucasus (London, 1856), in three volumes: volume 1, 359 pdf pages. File size: 6.8 MB; volume 2, 362 pdf pages. File size: 6.5 MB; volume 3, 332 pdf pages. File size: 5.7 MB.

Transcaucasia, sketches of the nations and races between the Black Sea and the Caspian, (London, 1854). 509 pdf pages. File size: 10.3 MB.

Layard, a British diplomat, traveller, and archaeologist (best known as the excavator of Nineveh) was in the area 1840-1847, and again beginning in 1849.

Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia, including a residence among the Bakhtiyari and other wild tribes before the discovery of Nineveh (London, 1887), in two volumes: volume 1, 521 pdf pages. File size: 9 MB; volume 2, 543 pdf pages. File size: 10.3 MB.

Nineveh and Its Remains, with an account of a visit to the Chaldaean Christians of Kurdistan and the Yezidis...(London, 1849) in two volumes: volume 1, 385 pdf pages. File size: 9.4 MB; volume 2, 547 pdf pages. File size: 18 MB.

Discoveries among the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon; with Travels in Armenia, Kurdistan, and the Desert (New York, 1871). 633 pdf pages. File size: 47.8 MB.

Nineveh and Babylon, a Narrative of a Second Expedition to Assyria during the years 1849, 1850 & 1851 (London, 1874). 515 pdf pages. File size: 27.6 MB.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 16 (1846), pp. 1-105. 110 pdf pages. A Description of the Province of Khuzistan. File size: 12 MB.

Travels in Little Known Parts of Asia Minor (London, 1870), in two volumes: volume 1, 405 pdf pages. File size: 14 MB; volume 2, 351 pdf pages. File size: 11.7 MB.

Notes from Nineveh and Travels in Mesopotamia, Assyria, and Syria (Philadelphia, 1850), 439 pdf pages. File size: 13.8 MB.

Reise nach dem Ararat und dew, Hochlande Armenien (Stuttgart und Tübingen, 1848), 358 pdf pages. File size: 10.6 MB.

Turkey and Its Destiny: the Result of Journeys made in 1847 and 1848 to Examine into the State of that Country (London, 1850), in two volumes: volume 1, 584 pdf pages. File size: 11 MB; volume 2, 705 pdf pages. File size: 18.7 MB.

Brosset was a renowned Caucasiologist and translator of many medieval Armenian and Georgian texts.

Rapports sur un voyage archéologique dans la Géorgie et dans l'Arménie (St. Petersburg, 1849-51). 996 pdf pages. File size: 44.2 MB.

Reise nach Kolchis und nach den deutschen colonien jenseits des Kaukasus (Leipzig, 1850), 362 pdf pages. File size: 11.5 MB.

Reise nach Persien und dem Lande der Kurden (Leipzig, 1852), in two volumes: volume 1, 698 pdf pages. File size: 16.7 MB; volume 2, 334 pdf pages. File size: 9 MB.

Eight Years in Syria, Palestine, and Asia Minor from 1842 to 1850 (London, 1851), in two volumes: volume 1, 351 pdf pages. File size: 5.8 MB; volume 2, 357 pdf pages. File size: 5.8 MB.

Article from Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 2 (1851), pp. 69, 71-119. Journal of a Tour from Oroomiah to Mosul, through the Koordish Mountains, and a Visit to the Ruins of Nineveh. 50 pdf pages.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 25 (1855), pp. 1-78. Geographical Notes, Taken during a Journey in Persia in 1849 and 1850. 81 pdf pages. 9.4 MB.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 27 (1857), pp. 149-184. Notes Taken on a Journey Eastwards from Shiraz to Fessa and Darab, Thence Westwards by Jehrum to Kazerun, in 1850. 37 pdf pages.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 26 (1856), pp. 131-153. Notes of a Journey from Baghdad to Busrah, with Descriptions of Several Chaldćan Remains. 27 pdf pages.

Narrative of a Journey through Syria and Palestine in 1851 and 1852 (London, 1854), in two volumes: volume 1, 547 pdf pages. File size: 8.9 MB; volume 2, 565 pdf pages. File size: 14.3.

Langlois was a renowned Orientalist and translator of many Armenian historical sources.

Voyage dans la Cilicie et dans les montagnes du Taurus exécuté pendant les années 1852-1853. (Paris, 1861). 577 pdf pages. File size: 17.5 MB.

Voyage à Sis, capitale de l'Arménie au Moyen Age (Paris, 1855), 51 pdf pages.

Rapport sur l'Exploration Archéologique de la Cilicie et de la Petite Arménie pendant les années 1853-1854 (Paris, 1854). 88 pdf pages. File size: 1.9 MB.

Article from Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 15 (1855), pp. 297-397. Topography of Nineveh, Illustrative of the Maps of the Chief Cities of Assyria; And the General Geography of the Country Intermediate between the Tigris and the Upper Zab. 102 pdf pages. File size: 8.3 MB.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 26 (1856), pp. 43-55. Memoir on the Map of Damascus, Hauran, and the Lebanon Mountains. 15 pdf pages.

A Handbook for Travellers in Turkey: Describing Constantinople, European Turkey, Asia Minor, Armenia, and Mesopotamia (London, 1854), 363 pdf pages. File size: 14.9 MB.

General Gordon's Letters from the Crimea, the Danube, and Armenia (London, 1884), Charles Boulger, editor. 263 pdf pages. File size: 8.4 MB.

Naturalist and geologist, Chikhachev spent 1853-1869 in Asia Minor, including Armenia.

Article from Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 3, No. 6 (1858 - 1859), Journey in Asia Minor, pp. 370-372. 4 pdf pages.

We include several of his works on Asia Minor's geography and geology, which were issued in parts. Although of a scientific nature, they also include observations made by Chikhachev in situ.

Asie Mineure: tome 1 (Paris, 1853). 692 pdf pages. File size: 25.3 MB; tome 2 (Paris, 1856). 902 pdf pages. File size: 25.7 MB; Paléontologie (Paris, 1866-1869). 644 pdf pages. File size: 18.5 MB.

R. F. Thomson, et. al. (1858)

Article from Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 3, No. 1 (1858 - 1859), pp. 2-18. Journey Through the Mountainous Districts North of the Elburz, and Ascent of Demavend, in Persia. 18 pdf pages.

Article from Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 6, No. 2 (1861 - 1862), pp. 62-64. Memorandum: Earthquake of Erzerum, June, 1859. 4 pdf pages.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 32 (1862), pp. 76-100. Notes on an Excursion to Harran, in Padan-Aram, and Thence over Mount Gilead and the Jordan, to Shechem. 27 pdf pages.

A Journey from London to Persepolis, including wanderings in Daghestan, Georgia, Armenia, Kurdistan, Mesopotamia, and Persia (London, 1865). In two volumes: volume 1, 419 pdf pages. File size: 11.8 MB; volume 2, 387 pdf pages. File size: 11.8 MB.

Life Scenes among the Mountains of Ararat (Boston, 1868), 309 pdf pages. File size: 6.3 MB.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 35 (1865), pp. 21-58. Travels in Kurdistan, with Notices of the Sources of the Eastern and Western Tigris, and Ancient Ruins in Their Neighbourhood. 45 pdf pages.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 38 (1868), pp. 281-361. Journal of a Tour in Armenia, Kurdistan, and Upper Mesopotamia, with Notes of Researches in the Deyrsim Dagh, in 1866. 88 pdf pages. File size: 13.8 MB.

Article from Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 12, No. 5 (1867 - 1868), pp. 302-305. Route from Erzerum to Diarbekr. 5 pdf pages.

Article from Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 11, No. 2 (1866 - 1867), pp. 97-98. On the Sources and Course of the Lycus and Other Rivers in Kurdistan. 3 pdf pages.

Article by T. K. Lynch from Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 13, No. 3 (1868 - 1869), pp. 243-244. Letter from T. K. Lynch, Esq., F. R. G. S., on Consul Taylor's Journey to the Source of the Euphrates. 3 pdf pages.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 37 (1867), pp. 182-193. Description of Diarbekr. 13 pdf pages.

Lawyer and mountaineer, Freshfield was in the Caucasus in 1868, 1887, and 1889.

Article from Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 39 (1869), pp. 50-77. Journey in the Caucasus, and Ascent of Kasbek and Elbruz. 29 pdf pages.

Travels in the Central Caucasus and Bashan including Visits to Ararat and Tabreez, and Ascents of Kazbek and Elburz (London, 1869). 553 pdf pages. File size: 17.9 MB.

The Exploration of the Caucasus (London, 1896), in two volumes: volume 1, 496 pdf pages. File size: 13.1 MB; volume 2, 202 pdf pages. File size: 4.9 MB.

Geographer, traveller, orientalist, diplomat, spy, Burton is best known for his unexpurgated translation from Arabic of One Thousand and One Nights. He was in Syria 1869-1871.

Unexplored Syria (London, 1872), in two volumes: volume 1, 417 pdf pages. File size: 9.7 MB; volume 2, 449 pdf pages. File size: 10.2 MB.

Article from Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York, Vol. 5 (1874), pp. 169-193. The Mountains and Mountaineers of the Eastern Caucasus. 26 pdf pages.

A Journey through the Caucasus and the Interior of Persia (London, 1872), 359 pdf pages. File size: 6 MB.

Le Caucase, la Perse et la Turquie d'Asie , d'après la relation de M. Le Baron Thielmann par Le Baron Ernouf (Paris, 1876). 422 pdf pages. File size: 10.7 MB.

Handbook for Travellers in Constantinople, the Bosphorus, Dardanelles, Brousa, and Plain of Troy, with General Hints for Travellers in Turkey (London, 1871), 268 pdf pages. File size: 11.4 MB.

Handbook for Travellers in Turkey in Asia, with General Hints for Travellers in Turkey (London, 1878), 592 pdf pages. File size: 26.7 MB.

The Romance of Missions, or, Inside Views of Life and Labor in the Land of Ararat (London, 1875), 739 pdf pages. File size: 29.9 MB.

The Crimea and Transcaucasus, being the Narrative of a Journey in the Kouban, in Gouria, Georgia, Armenia, Ossety, Imeretia, Swannety, and Mingrelia, and in the Tauric Range (London, 1876), in two volumes: volume 1, 345 pdf pages. File size: 11.6 MB; volume 2, 333 pdf pages. File size: 11.7 MB.

Transcaucasia and Ararat, being notes of a vacation tour in the autumn of 1876 (London, 1896). 565 pdf pages. File size: 6.7 MB.

The Armenian Campaign: a Diary of the Campaign of 1877 in Armenia and Koordistan (London, 1878), 411 pdf pages. File size: 7.5 MB.

On Horseback through Asia Minor (London, 1877), in two volumes: volume 1, 419 pdf pages. File size: 7.2 MB; volume 2, 430 pdf pages. File size: 6.9 MB.

Turkish Armenia and Eastern Asia Minor (London, 1881), 537 pdf pages. File size: 19.1 MB.

Armenians, Koords, and Turks (London, 1880), in two volumes: volume 1, 327 pdf pages. File size: 5.3 MB; volume 2, 319 pdf pages. File size: 4.1 MB.

A Ride through Asia Minor and Armenia: giving a sketch of the characters, manners, and customs of both the Mussulman and Christian inhabitans (London, 1891), 373 pdf pages. File size: 7.2 MB.

Our Ride Through Asia Minor (London, 1881). 467 pdf pages. File size: 8.1 MB.

Article from Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York, Vol. 18 (1886), pp. 27-66. Persia and the Persians. 41 pdf pages.

Impressions of Turkey during Twelve Years' Wanderings (London, 1897), 294 pdf pages. File size: 3.9 MB.

The Kingdom of Georgia, notes of travel in a land of women, wine, and song (London, 1888), 285 pdf pages. File size: 8.4 MB.

A Year amongst the Persians... in the years 1887-1888 (London, 1893). 616 pdf pages. File size: 21.9 MB.

Persia and the Persian Question, (London, 1892), in two volumes: volume 1, 705 pdf pages. File size: 36.4 MB; volume 2, 746 pdf pages. File size: 44.5 MB.

By Nile and Tigris, a Narative of Journeys in Egypt and Mesopotamia on Behalf of the British Museum between the Years 1886-1913 (London, 1920), in two volumes: volume 1, 545 pdf pages. File size: 20 MB; volume 2, 562 pdf pages. File size: 14.7 MB.

Article from The Old and New Testament Student, Vol. 14, No. 4 (Apr., 1892), pp. 213-217. The Expedition of the Babylonian Exploration Fund. B. Aleppo to Baghdad, 6 pdf pages.

Relation des missions scientifiques (1888-89) du Caucase au Golfe Persique, a travers l'Arménie, le Kurdistan et la Mésopotamie (Washington, 1892), 767 pdf pages. File size: 22.9 MB.

Article from the Royal Geographical Society. Supplemental Papers, volume III (London, 1898), pp. 643-744. Modern and Ancient Roads in Eastern Asia Minor, 112 pdf pages. File size: 4.5 MB.

The Land of Ararat, or Up the Roof of the World (London, 1893), 399 pdf pages. File size: 6 MB.

Persia: Western Mission (Philadelphia, 1896), 412 pdf pages. File size: 8.7 MB.

Persian Life and Customs (New York, 1900), 367 pdf pages. File size: 6.8 MB.

Handbook for Travellers in Asia Minor, Transcaucasus, Persia, etc. (London, 1895), edited by Charles Wilson. 621 pdf pages. File size: 33.5 MB.

Through Armenia on Horseback (London, 1898), 435 pdf pages. File size: 7.0 MB.

Armenia, Travels and Studies (New York, 1901). In two volumes: volume 1, 621 pdf pages. File size: 18.8 MB; volume 2, 640 pdf pages. File size: 34.6 MB.

Round about Armenia, the Record of a Journey across the Balkans through Turkey, the Caucasus, and Persia in 1895 (London, 1896), 321 pdf pages. File size: 4.1 MB.

Letters from the Scenes of the Recent Massacres in Armenia (London, 1897). 300 pdf pages. File size: 6.9 MB.

Studia Pontica I, a journey of exploration in Pontus (Bruxelle, 1903), 144 pdf pages. File size: 2.8 MB.

Studia Pontica II, Voyage d'exploration archéologique dans le Pont et la Petite Arménie (Bruxelle, 1906), 338 pdf pages. File size: 9.4 MB.

Mission dans les régions désertiques de la Syrie moyenne (Paris, 1903), 471 pdf pages. File size: 12.4 MB.

Article from American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 4, No. 4 (Oct. - Dec., 1900), pp. 415-440. Report of an American Archaeological Expedition in Syria, 1899-1900. 27 pdf pages.

Persia Past and Present, a book of travel and research (London, 1906). 783 pdf pages. File size: 23.2 MB.

Article The Valley of the Upper Euphrates River and Its People in two parts from Bulletin of the American Geographical Society, Vol. 34, No. 4 (1902), pp. 301-310. part 1, 11 pdf pages; continued in Bulletin of the American Geographical Society, Vol. 34, No. 5 (1902), pp. 384-393 part 2, 11 pdf pages.

Article from the Geographical Journal vol XX (London, 1902), pp. 175-200 with a map and nine illustrations, Through the Great Canyon of the Euphrates River. Huntington was accompanied by Armenian guides on boats made of inflated animal skins, the same type that Herodotus described Armenians using in Book I.194 of his History in the 5th century B.C. Huntington comments on Armenian villages and life in the first few years of the 20th century. 21 pdf pages.